摘 要

破碎机是选煤工业中不可缺少的设备，也是原料、材料、燃料、电力和钢铁等部门所必须的设备。随着工业的发展对破碎机的要求也越来越高。
在工业应用中常用的破碎机类型有：颚式破碎机、圆锥破碎机、辊式破碎机、冲击式破碎机，磨碎机等。鄂式破碎机有很多的优点，例如:具有结构简单、工作可靠、制造容易、维修方便等其他破碎机无法替代的优点，至今仍广泛应用于工业各部门，而且我国生产的破碎机还远销其它国家。本文所设计的鄂式破碎机是在原鄂式破碎机的基础上，保留了原鄂式破碎机的优点，并对其优化方面进行阐述。
通过实习、查阅大量的资料和反复的推敲。通过建立一个较为完善的数学模型，并利用计算机优化出鄂式破碎机的主要参数，使其结构更合理，能量利用率更高，性价比更好。同时对新型鄂式破碎机进一步阐述，提高了破碎机的过载保护性能，降低了物料的过粉碎，从而提高了破碎机的使用寿命及生产率。
本次设计对鄂式破碎机的箱体销轴等部分做了详细设计，使破碎机装卸方便、维护简单、维修容易，以便能利用破碎机更好的工作，发挥鄂式破碎机的特点。
关键词：破碎机；鄂式破碎机；阐述；优化；设计

ABSTRACT

The crusher is a very important andindispensable equipment in mineral separation industry.So it is indepartment of raw material,materials,fuels,electrici-
ty,iron and steel.With the department of the industry, the requireof the crasher is more and more higher.
There are several kinds of crashers being used in industry .such asjaw crusher revolvement crusher,roller crusher ,punch crusher,prindcrusher .Jaw crusher has many advantages,which other crushers cannot instead of .Such as simple structure, safety work ,makeeasy,maintain easy and so on.The Jaw crusher is widly used inindustries.And those are made by our country are used by othercountries,this design of the Jaw crusher is besed on the adventagesof the older Jaw crusher ,and studied in improved aspects.
After practice,reading amount of material and the rific analysis,we set up a more perfective model of parameter .And use of thecomputer improve the main parameter of the crusher ,make thestracture of the crusher become better ,and the utilities of energyis much higher .And the matter of cost is much better.At the sametime ,we have studied new Jaw crasher,and it raises the crusher’sprotective, reduces the over crushed mesh of the material,.and itraises it’s productive and the life of the crusher.
There are some improvements in frame.it makes crusher easy to beassembled and disassemble ,uphold ,maintain easy, so that ulitizethe crusher work much better ,and play the important role in theJaw crusher.

Keywords：crusher Jaw crusher study improvedesign

目 录

1 概述
1.1破碎…………………………………………….1
1.2破碎的目的……………………………………….1
1.3破碎的方法.........................................2
1.4破碎机的选型.......................................3
1.5鄂式破碎机的应用与发展.............................7
1.5.1鄂式破碎机的原理和类型.......................7
1.5.2复杂摆动鄂式破碎机............ ..............10
1.5.3两种鄂式破碎机的结构比较 ...................12
1.5.4主要零部件的结构分析.........................13
2 鄂式破碎机的参数设计
2.1结构参数的确定.....................................19
2.2工作参数的确定.....................................22
2.3电动机的选择.......................................26
2.4飞轮尺寸的确定.....................................26
3 传动部分的设计
3.1皮带传动设计.......................................28
3.2轴的结构设计.......................................30
3.3轴承和键的校核.....................................33
3.4轴承的校核.........................................38
3.4.1计算当量载荷.................................38
3.4.2轴承的寿命 ..................................39
4 鄂式破碎机动力学参数设计
4.1鄂式破碎机的运动分析...............................39
4.2鄂式破碎机的最优动力平衡..........................41
4.2.1鄂式破碎机的支座附加动压力平衡...............41
4.2.2振动力最优平衡...............................41
4.2.3各种平衡方法对比方法实例.....................43
4.3鄂式破碎机拉杆弹簧的计算载荷确定...................45
4.3.1弹簧拉力计算式...............................46
4.3.2确定肘板约束反力的条件.......................47
4.3.3弹簧计算载荷的最优计算.......................48
4.4机构平衡与拉杆弹簧的综合优化设计...................49
4.5鄂式破碎机飞轮转动惯量的计算.......................51
4.5.1机器运动方程式求解...........................51
4.5.2鄂式破碎机的运动方程式.......................52
4.5.3等效驱动力矩 ..............................53
4.5.4等效阻力矩 .................................54
4.5.5飞轮转动惯量的迭代方法........................56
4.5.6 优化模型....................................57
4.5.7 优化设计步骤................................58
5 新型鄂式破碎机的研究
5.1鄂式破碎机部分结构改进的设想........................60
5.1.1带轮和飞轮的结构改进..........................60
5.1.2机器调整座槽的结构改进........................60
5.1.3推力板衬垫的结构改进..........................61
5.1.4鄂板的结构改进................................61
5.1.5机架的结构改进................................62
5.2破碎机振动的数值计算................................62
5.2.1破碎机振动分析及数值计算概述..................62
5.2.2偏心轴组的动力学模型及数学模型................63
5.2.3曲柄质量动态平衡的研究........................63
6 鄂式破碎机的使用与测试
6.1鄂式破碎机的操作....................................66
6.1.1起动前的准备工作..............................66
6.1.2操作顺序......................................67
6.1.3起动和运转中应注意的事项......................67
6.2鄂式破碎机的维护与保养..............................68
6.2.1鄂式破碎机的日常维护..........................68
6.2.2鄂式破碎机的故障分析与排除....................68
6.3鄂式破碎机的安装修理与运转..........................71
6.3.1鄂式破碎机的安装..............................71
6.3.2鄂式破碎机的运转..............................68
6.3.3鄂式破碎机主要零件的修理......................74
总结..........................................................77
参考文献.....................................................78
附录.........................................................79
英文资料......................................................81
中文翻译......................................................86
致谢.......................................................... 90